Astuvansalmi rock paintings – a glimpse into the world of Stone Age hunter-gatherer communities
Painted onto a steep rock face at Astuvansalmi on the shore of Yövesi is the largest continuous ensemble of rock paintings in the Nordic countries. A total of 85 figures have been identified on the rock surface, created during the Stone Age around 6,000–4,500 years ago. The red-ochre images of moose, people, boats, along with handprints and geometric motifs, reflect ancient beliefs and humanity’s relationship with nature.
The paintings were created at a time when the water level of Lake Saimaa was significantly higher than it is today, which is why the images are now clearly above the present waterline. The figures were painted either from boats or in early spring from the ice. The images appear at different heights on the rock face according to the water level at the time they were created. The dates of the paintings have been determined on the basis of known historical water levels. There is a span of about 1,500 years between the oldest and the youngest images, representing roughly 50 generations. Over such a long period, communities and their belief systems inevitably changed, which is why no single interpretation of the subjects of the paintings or the reasons for their creation can be given.
The Astuvansalmi rock itself is exceptional. Viewed from the lake, it resembles the side profile of a human face. The bedrock, shaped by the continental ice sheet, curves inward and forms a protective overhang above the painting panel. The rock’s form and the distinctive soundscape it creates are thought to have made the site especially significant to Stone Age people.
The rock paintings have been preserved exceptionally well thanks to the protective shape of the rock. They are a protected archaeological monument, and touching the paintings is strictly prohibited. The images are best seen in side lighting under clear weather conditions.
Astuvansalmi is a significant part of the prehistoric cultural heritage of the Lake Saimaa region. It is part of the Cutural route of the Council of Europe (prehistour.eu) and one of the sites of Saimaa Geopark (saimaageopark.fi). The site can be reached both by water and along a trail that runs through the forest.
The Rock Art Visitor Centre Astuva (visitmikkeli.fi) is a seasonal visitor attraction located in Ristiina and open during the summer months.
